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Description

• Runs on: Mac OS X 4Media DVD Ripper Ultimate for Mac v.7.4.0.20120710 4Media DVD Ripper Ultimate for Mac proves to be the best Mac DVD ripper software to rip DVD to AVI, MPEG, WMV, MP4, DivX, H.264/AVC, MOV, 3GP videos and MP3, WAV, WMA, AC3, M4A audios, which can be directly played on iPod, iPhone, 3GP phone, etc.
• Font Book has been a part of OS X from the beginning. I checked the Limkesoft website and it's true, FontBook was available before OS X; there is a classic version for OS 8.6 through OS 9. So Apple stole the name and added a space. Still, I don't remember seeing it back then.

Download the Old English free font. Detailed information on the Old English font: license; glyphs; specimens; for OS: Windows, Mac, Linux; for programs: Microsoft.

There are different keyboard layouts for Mac OS X. They will produce the tengwar from the Free Tengwar Font Projects fonts as defined in their tengwar character mapping or from other tengwar fonts that use a similar mapping, such as Måns Björkman’s Tengwar Eldamar, Johan Winge’s Tengwar Telcontar or Enrique Mombello’s Tengwar Elfica/Tengwar Beleriand.

The following Mac OS X keyboard layouts are available:

• U.S.-tengwarQWERTY: The layout of the tengwar resembles the QWERTY keyboard.
• U.S.-tengwarDS: The layout of the tengwar resembles the layout of Dan Smith’s tengwar fonts (as courtesy for those who have grown attached to it).

Be aware that these tengwar keyboards only provide a way of accessing the tengwar characters. They do not produce reasonable tengwar spelling by themselves. Indeed, if you just type ahead, they will most likely produce utter nonsense. You have to know the tengwar spelling from somewhere else, for instance from J. R. R. Tolkien’s book The Lord of the Rings or from Måns Björkman’s site Amanye Tenceli.

Installation

It takes three steps until you can choose a tengwar keyboard layout from the Mac OS X Input Menu at the top right of the screen:

1. Obtaining the files: Download the latest release by clicking on TengwarKeylayout-mac.2009-09-22.zip/download (alternatively, go to the Free Tengwar Font Project files and manually select the latest TengwarKeylayout-mac.[date].zip file). Open that ZIP file (doubleclick will do).
2. Installing the keyboard layout: Move any pair of a KEYLAYOUT file and a corresponding ICNS file from the opened ZIP to either one of the folders /Users/(your User name)/Library/Keyboard Layouts/ or /Library/Keyboard Layouts/ (to uninstall, just remove them from there). Then restart your computer (or log out and log in again).
3. Selecting the keyboard layout: After restarting (or logging out), open the System Preferences, select International, then Input Sources (or Input Menu), find the keyboard layout you have installed and select it. Now you can choose it from the Input Menu in the menu bar at the top right margin of the screen.

Displaying the Keyboard Layout on Your Computer

For viewing the keyboard layouts on your own computer, the best solution I found is the free application Ukelele. After installing, you can use it to open either KEYLAYOUT file. Don’t be afraid of the warning about some missing output (not true); just click Don’t add and proceed. When you’ve opened the keyboard layout, you will need to select a font that contains the Private Usea Area tengwar from the Font menu (preferably a Free Tengwar Font Project font). Up to Mac OS X 10.4, the systems Keyboard Viewer could be used much more elegantly to the same effect, but the option to choose a custom font has disappeared since, so the OS X Keyboard Viewer has become utterly useless for viewing Private Use Area mappings.

Behaviour of U.S.-tengwarQWERTY

When capslock is not pressed, this keyboard layout behaves identically to the normal U.S. keyboard of Mac OS X, hence the U.S.- portion of its name. When capslock is pressed, this keyboard layout behaves like Johan Winge’s Generic (language independent) Unicode Tengwar keyboard layout that is available at his Tengwar Telcontar Downloads in versions for Windows and Linux. That layout is roughly based on the QWERTY keyboard, hence the -tengwarQWERTY portion of this keyboard layout’s name.

With plain capslock, in addition to the characters of Johan Winge’s layout, the number keys will produce the tengwar numerals 0 – 9, and the `-key will produce the grave accent tehta (the exact position of that key varies). What you cannot see on this image is that the q-key will produce the Zero Width Joiner (U+200d):

With capslock + shift, in addition to the characters of Johan Winge’s layout, the 3-key will produce the circle below tehta and the `-key is an alternative way of producing the open anna tengwa. What you cannot see on this image is that the q-key produces the Zero Width Non-Joiner (U+200c):

With capslock + option, in addition to the characters of Johan Winge’s layout, the keys for 0, 1 and 2 will produce the tengwar numerals for 10, 11 and 12:

With capslock + option + shift, in addition to the characters of Johan Winge’s layout, the w-key will produce the form of vilya from DTS 71 and the x-key provides an alternative way of producing the ligating short carrier:

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Behaviour of U.S.-tengwarDS

When capslock is not pressed, this keyboard layout behaves identically to the normal U.S. keyboard of Mac OS X, hence the U.S.- portion of its name. When capslock is pressed, it produces Private Use Area tengwar in a manner that resembles Dan Smith’s tengwar mapping, hence the -tengwarDS portion of its name. This means, every key of Dan Smith’s mapping with a sign that is also present in the Private Use Area tengwar will produce that very sign (except for some tehtar). Differences occur mainly where Dan Smith provided several keys for the same sign. For instance, he provided four different keys for each single tehta. This keyboard provides only one key for each tehta and uses the remaining keys to fill in other signs that are not available on Dan Smith’s keyboard mapping.

With plain capslock, most keys are just the same as on Dan Smith’s mapping. Differences from Dan Smith’s mapping occur mostly at the right margin of the keyboard where Dan Smith put different forms of the bars:

With capslock + shift, there are more differences from Dan Smith’s mapping. This is because he put most tehtar here. For the tehtar you may note that the normal forms are put onto the middle line of the keyboard (the keys DFGHJ), the bottom line (the keys CVBNM) produces the tehtar that go below the tengar and the upper lines of the keyboard (the keys ERTYU and 34567) produce alternative tehtar forms (if any):

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With capslock + option, there are above all the tengwar numerals. Note that the zero key does not produce the tengwar numeral for zero, but the tengwar numeral for 10. The tengwar numeral for zero is produced by the key to the left of the number 1 key: